Sunday, December 20, 2020

December 21, 2020 Edition

 



Sir, we require the wearing of a mask here”.

“Oh, good!  Maybe you could help me out?  I don’t understand all these masks.  Why is everyone wearing them?”

“Uhhhhhh (confused look)… it’s to stop the spread of COVID?”

“Interesting.  So, if I wear one of those masks, you will guarantee that I won’t contract CoronaVirus?”

“Well, no.  I can’t guarantee that.  But, it will help.”

“Okay.  Do you at least have a brochure, or a pamphlet, or some type of handout to inform me of how effective a mask is against viruses?  How much do they actually help?”

“No, we don’t have anything like that.  But it is a state mandate that everyone wear them in public places.”

“Well, I’m all for helping the community and doing my part in trying to keep everyone safe, but I just don’t do things without a valid reason.  If your company and the state health officials can’t provide some quality reasons and data on the issue, I don’t see the need to follow right now.  Thanks for your insight, but if you don’t mind, I’ll just continue without one.”

Well, I was thinking of something unique for the last edition of ‘Yield & Profit’ for the year, and then I overheard this conversation while out and about in the community.

Yes, this CoronaVirus is impacting our friends and families in unprecedented ways all around the world.  And from some of the stories I hear, I would not want to wish a COVID infection on even the worst enemies.  But, the above conversation led me to some research to find methods to help as a willing and healthy member of the community.

I’m not sure of all the answers, but I was inspired to try and find some info that I could use to formulate ideas on whether or not the wearing of masks was indeed helping.

In conducting my research, I found a couple scientific peer reviewed papers on the topic.  The first, comes from The Annals of Occupational Hygiene, Volume 54, Issue 7, October 2010. https://academic.oup.com/annweh/article/54/7/789/202744

The research outlaid in this article focused on the effectiveness of various cloth mask types in comparison to the N95 medical masks in filtering very small particles (common virus range).  In a nutshell, it states that brand name cloth masks allowed penetration of 55-95 nm diameter particles at the rate of 75-90%.  Masks made from sweatshirt materials were sometimes slightly better (depending on brand name) at reducing particle penetration, while masks made from T-shirts allowed penetration at 82% or greater of the above-mentioned particle size.

As droplet size testing increased into the 300-1000 nm range, mask filtration efficiency increased, but still allowed penetration of 40% at best (most cases it was above 60%). 

If I understand the biology correctly, it only takes one virus laden micro particle to infect the human body.  Therefore, it’s hard to argue that wearing any mask that is not a properly fitted medical N95 mask, is hardly helpful.

Another great article I found was an actual study of health care workers in a hospital scenario.  This article is from the National Center for Biotechnology Information and published in 2015. The study was conducted in March of 2011.  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4420971/

Over 1600 workers from 15 hospitals were split into three groups: 1) equipped with N95 medical masks, 2) equipped with cloth masks, and 3) control (workers self-choosing mask or no mask).  The study was implemented over 28 days, and conducted in southeast Asia (high risk area).  The trial measured infection rates of clinical respiratory illness (CRI), influenza-like illness (ILI), and laboratory confirmed respiratory virus infection (Virus).

In summary, this study revealed that health care workers who were in the cloth mask group had the highest infection rate of three groups in the study – even higher than the control group!  The N95 medical masks did have the greatest impact in decrease worker infection rates.



At the end of the day if you are highly concerned, I’d recommend frequent washing of hands, limit touching of foreign surfaces in public places, keep hands away from your face (hard to do while wearing a mask), and avoid handshakes when out and about in the community.

Some doctors would even recommend maintaining an adequate level of social activity in order to keep the immune system strong.   This video was recorded back in April, but is quite informative.  At about the 18-19 min range, the two California doctors begin talking about maintaining a healthy immune system. https://www.turnto23.com/news/coronavirus/watch-controversial-press-conference-held-by-two-bakersfield-doctors-that-was-pulled-down-by-youtube

Interesting enough, I could not find any peer reviewed full research articles that supported the use of cloth mask wearing to significantly reducing virus sized particles and human infection.  If you can find one, please forward it to me and I’ll give it a mention in this newsletter.

Regional Weather

Well, we continue to see a bit of snow in the forecast for most days, but no major storms or large snow accumulation should occur for the week and likely for the year.  Temperatures will be above average to start the week, ratchet down a notch mid-week, and then back up to the above average range for next weekend.  Without any significant snow cover, ambient air temperatures in the above average range could occur most weeks.

I’ll count on your weather app for the best guidance through the 7-8 day forecast, but looking beyond that, I’ve found this site from NOAA to be fairly reliable for a general 8-14 day outlook (next week).  https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/predictions/814day/index.php

For the last week of December, the forecast is to have greater chances of above average temperatures as well as above average chances of being drier than average as well.  Unless the forecast changes, we probably will have only minor snow cover when ending the calendar year.

The NOAA organization also provides three month outlooks.  If we would like to get a general forecast for the spring season of the 2021 (Mar-Apr-May), it can be seen here:

https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/predictions/long_range/seasonal.php?lead=3

This forecast currently predicts equal chances to slightly below average on the temperature front, but just equal chances on the precipitation potential.  A fairly neutral forecast for the start of the growing season should be good for an early beginning to the planting season.  However, it looks like the dry conditions may continue until our rainy month of June.  Conserving moisture in the spring most likely will be very key for our region.

Interesting to note, most of the Midwest for the spring forecast is predicted for greater chances of above average precipitation and slightly above average temperatures.  It could set the stage for some delayed planting in the Midwest and Eastern Corn Belt.



 Product Spotlight: PivotBio - Proven

In conversations with many of you, it has been alluded that corn production is probably one of the most challenging crops to consistently raise at a high-level year after year in our region.  The weather extremes across the calendar year lead to many scenarios where corn grain production can get nipped and nipped significantly in many cases.  From drought to flood, from wind to hail, and from nutrient loss to pest infestation, it seems like the list is endless on the factors that can affect our corn crop throughout the growing and harvest seasons.

Regarding nutrient loss and nutrient mobility, many of you have addressed the issue in corn by moving to an in-season side-dress application (Y-Drop™ or side-dress/injector rig).  While our local experience with these applications have generally shown a strong benefit, not everyone has the time, manpower, or enough equipment to cover all the acres of corn production on the farm in a timely manner.  Maybe there can be a simpler, more efficient way?

PivotBio has a product named ‘Proven’ that may be able to help.  It colonizes the roots of the corn plant and begins a mutualistic relationship by providing nitrogen to the plant while feeding off corn root exudates throughout the season.  The product is reported to function under various soil moisture contents (i.e. it won’t leach, degrade, volatilize or move into navigable water).  It’s applied with the planter in-furrow (and over the top of the seed – no y-splitter) as a tank-mix with your starter liquid fertilizer. 

The diagram above estimates both the corn plant nitrogen uptake (dotted brown line) and the PivotBio microbial count (solid black line) over the active corn lifecycle.  I assume corn root exudate volume increases during the time period when the corn crop’s demand for nitrogen increases as well.

If this product works as stated, I could see a big fit for our region, as most every field at some point in the spring or summer typically receives an over-abundance of rainfall.  Maybe a good place to start would be on some variable fields with lighter/sandier soils (more potential for nutrient leaching) or fields that tend to stay more saturated for longer periods of time (more potential for nutrient volatility and/or a compressed side-dress application window).

Some grower trials were conducted in the state in 2020 and the farmer feedback was fairly positive overall.  Product gets shipped directly to the farm in the spring and can be sourced through the website.  Labeled on corn and wheat.

https://www.pivotbio.com/ and https://info.pivotbio.com/tech.pdf


NCGA Corn Winners Announced

Successful Farming has noted the nation’s top yielding corn producer from the 2020 season.  This year, it’s not David Hula (Virginia), Randy Dowdy (Georgia), or even Steve Albracht of Texas, but a new face to the game from the state of Michigan – Don Stall.  The central Michigan grower produced a yield of 476.9 bu/ac on his irrigated farm.  I’ll provide more details on national and state NCGA winners in January.

https://www.agriculture.com/michigan-farmer-tops-2020-ncga-yield-contest-with-476-bushel-yield


AgVise Soil Test Summary - 2020

Earlier this month, AgVise published their annual summary on soil test results from the autumn season.  A couple interesting observations from the Dakotas, western Minnesota and southern Manitoba region:

·         Soil samples testing below 15 ppm (Olsen P test) were again significant in our region.  It would be interesting to know how many of these samples came in the “Low” (4-7 ppm) to “Very Low” (1-3 ppm) category.  My bet is phosphorous is more limiting then we may realize

·         Nitrate nitrogen levels on fallow (prevent plant) acres average 38 lbs/ac from 0-24” deep, but there is a wide variability in these results as over 39% of the samples test below 20 lbs N/ac in this subset of data

·         Soils on the Minnesota side of the state line have greater potential to test below optimum in potassium

·         Zinc is the micronutrient with the greatest potential to test below optimum in our region.

The summary report can be accessed here:  https://www.agvise.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/agvise-soil-test-summary-2020.pdf

Interpretation of soil test results: https://www.agvise.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/SK-5-Lee-seminar-2020-soil-test-interpretation.pdf

 

Random Agricultural Facts – Winter Solstice

Winter (or hibernal) solstice for the northern hemisphere will occur at the moment the earth’s north pole has its maximum tilt away from the sun.  A solstice occurs twice per year – once in December (signals the start of winter for the northern hemisphere) and once in June (signal the start of summer in the northern hemisphere).  We normally designate a full day to the occurrence, but it’s just the day the solstice moment occurs.  This year, our December solstice moment will occur at 4:02 am CST on Monday, December 21st.

It’s our shortest day and longest night of the year, and the day where the sun will rise to its lowest daily maximum height in the southern sky around mid-day.  If you live directly on the Arctic Circle, you’ll experience the day without sun – the one day of the year without natural light.

We all know the seasons change due to the earth’s orientation to the sun, but did you know that earth’s speed in its orbit around the sun also varies?  It is because of this variability that daylight gained or lost from day to day is not consistent, and each season is not exactly 91.3 days long (365.25/4).

The winter business planning time seems to go fast once the days start to get longer and the holiday season ends.  This year, our off-season will most likely seem a little long for some due to the efficient and quick harvest season, but may seem shorter for others as we have had an open winter so far with many continuing outside activities. 

https://earthsky.org/astronomy-essentials/everything-you-need-to-know-december-solstice



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